Final Research Project Oracle E Business Suite Essay

Final Research Project – Oracle E-Business Suite Wassim Chao Content Introduction 2 E-Business Suite Architecture 3 Chronical Development of E-Business Suites 6 Integration needs it addressed as it was developed 6 Responding to new integration trends and technologies 7 Oracle’s E-Business integrated with SOA Gateway 8 Oracle’s E-Business Suite on the Cloud 9 Conclusion 10 References 10 Introduction Reading through the requirement of this paper there were several options to choose from. There are several companies that offer integration to their customers such as SAP which is the leader in ERP solutions, Oracle which came to the industry after acquiring PeopleSoft back in 2005, Microsoft, and IBM. Reading the materials throughout this semester was interesting as it gave me an inside view of system integration and it made me think of the architecture of how companies integrate their system or the high level thought of how things are done when big companies acquire other companies. Researching all these four big companies, I found that Oracle had a lot of products that integrate systems and it seems they have a solution for a lot of major industry with pre-defined modules that help jump start the integration process. Everyone knows oracle as it’s a global computer technology company. The company primary specializes in developing and marketing computer hardware systems. The company also builds and develops databases and database products. , middle tierShow MoreRelatedDetermining The Efficient Tool For Business Process Management1536 Words   |  7 PagesTool for Business Process Management in Organizations Using Analytical Hierarchical Process Sravani Vadali Engineering Management University of Houston – Clear Lakeâ€Æ' Introduction to Business Process Management Business process management (BPM) is a management approach to make an enterprise’s activities and tasks to be more accurate, more competent and more efficient in adapting to the ever-changing needs of business. 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Outliers - 1030 Words

Elda Espinoza May 9, 2016 Sociology 101 Outliers By Malcolm Gladwell The Outliers, by Malcolm Gladwell attempts to explain the reasons why people become successful in both controlled and uncontrolled environment. He uses different stories and studies to explain what makes a person who there are. For example, in chapter one Gladwell says that successful hockey players if born early in the calendar year this will make them stand out physically among other boys who are several months younger than they are. Gladwell says that over time, the opportunities that these players have has help them build up to make them better players. So, Gladwell uses a sociological perspective to try to explain the reasons for peoples success.†¦show more content†¦When we look at outliers, when we look at success stories, if we look closely enough, we see lives with opportunity from the start. To illustrate the importance of culture in success, Gladwell relates a story of a Colombian pilot who most likely crashed a plane because, even with diminishing fuel, he wa snt assertive enough to stand up to the intimidating control tower agents and demand to land. Cultures that encourage passive submission to hierarchy, or who phrase their questions in subtle, vague euphemisms, may find themselves at a disadvantage in some situations, such as the airplane cockpit. Other times, your culture works for you. For example, Gladwell explains that Asians who spent centuries working in rice paddies, a type of farming that requires meticulous care all year long, passed on this work ethic to their posterity. Many of the inheritors of the rice-paddy culture apply the same diligence in their schoolwork. This diligence, of course, brings more success. I found this book to be an eye opener to many things that I never really paid attitude to. We all want to believe that where we come from and who we are does not affect what we will be come. Yes all have heard it before you can be what you want to be as long as you work hard for it. But really many things that people would like to be are out of reached for the simple fact that you are not in the right class of people. Even thoughtShow MoreRelatedOutliers, By Malcolm Gladwell1431 Words   |  6 PagesOutliers, written by Malcolm Gladwell, examines the wonder of high achievement, and success frequently attributed to the hard work, determination, and specific talent in individuals. Gladwell succeeds at analyzing judgments and cultural epidemics, while putting his thesis into view, and explaining his proof through a series of short, exemplifying accounts. Stressing the fact that hard work is a crucial factor in becoming successful, Gladwell does not deduct the need for discrete skills. Factors suchRead MoreOutliers Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesOutliers Essay An Outlier is someone who stands out in a group due to their mastery of a certain skill and because of that they are successful. According to Gladwell not anyone can become successful; it takes the right circumstances and opportunities. Human’s capability seems limitless, and if we put in the time and hard work we can achieve our goals. We as a society love to think that a person may become successful and that we all have the same opportunities and chance of succeeding if weRead MoreOutliers, By Malcolm Gladwell1245 Words   |  5 Pagesand many other multi-millionaires were all born within a span of 3 years? Malcolm Gladwell, the author of Outliers, suspects that there is something more behind this occurrence than just a simple coincidence. He asserts that there is no such thing as a self-made man and success does not come from natural talent, rather it comes from extraordinary opportunities and hidden advantages. In Outliers, Gladwell attempts to debunk the myth that peo ple are successful because of themselves, and not because ofRead MoreOutliers : By Malcolm Gladwell1917 Words   |  8 Pages Malcolm Gladwell wrote the book titled Outliers to show the world how unique people got their start and all of the factors and obstacles it takes to succeed in life. Every chapter of this book contains a different success story. At the beginning of each new section, Malcolm describes where each story is taking place and who will be involved. An example of this unique imagery includes the start of the chapter titled, â€Å"The Ethnic Theory of Plane Crashes,† when Malcolm Gladwell described the settingRead MoreEssay on Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell1853 Words   |  8 PagesExecutive Summary The novel Outliers, aims to investigate the very thing we want for our family, our students, and ourselves. For most of our lives we have believed that with hard work, anyone can achieve success. 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The value that falls outside of an overall trend that a present in the data. Sometimes outliers can be caused by an error and other times outliers indicate the presence of a previously unknown phenomenon. Other reasons that we should feel the need to be diligent about checking for our outliers is becauseRead MoreWhy Are Do Underdogs Win in Malcolm Gladwells Blink and Outliers904 Words   |  4 PagesHistory has it that the underdogs o f our society are ought to win due to their disadvantages. In David and Goliath, Malcolm Gladwell (the author of Blink and Outliers) explores why the disadvantaged misfits were able to win their greatest opposing giants. Gladwell initiates his discovery with the Biblical story of David, an Israeli shepherd boy, who killed Goliath with a slingshot. He explains how the chances of the underdogs increase when they fight unconventionally. In our society, our advantagesRead MoreSuccess And Success : Malcolm Gladwell s Outliers : The Story Of Success1843 Words   |  8 Pagesalmost imminent result of talent, effort, and hard work. Liberals, on the other hand, believe that even when people who work hard and are talented could sometimes fall when hard times are presented and associate that with luck. Malcolm Gladwell’s Outliers: The Story of Success, argues that factors and circumstances are those that will determine the person’s success rather than then hard work and effort. Many people would disagree with Malcolm Gladwell. The way that Gladwell portrays luck throughout

Successful Athlete Essay Free Essays

Vince Lombardi says â€Å"the monetary value of success is difficult work. dedication to the occupation at manus and the finding that whether we win or lost we have applied the best of ourselves to the undertaking at manus. † A dedicated jock puts forth their all by to the full giving themselves to their athletics. We will write a custom essay sample on Successful Athlete Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now They ever try to give one hundred and ten per centum before during and after pattern. Athlete achieves their success cognizing they worked difficult to achieve it and can truly state they accomplished something that makes them a better individual. For case hoops esthesis LeBron James keeps endeavoring to better. Branded the following Michael Jordan when he was in high school and drafted by the Cleveland chevaliers LeBron James kept his cool and kept working hard. He emerged an all-star and leader the chevaliers to the NBA playoffs three old ages in a row and made it to the NBA finals in 2007 against the San Antonio goad. However the chevaliers lost their title command in four back-to-back games. James continued to assist the chevaliers improve in 2008 the squad made it to the semifinals where they defeated by the Boston Celtics in seven games. Fighting for an NBA title. shortly after going a free agent. nevertheless James announced that he would be fall ining the Miami heat. Many of his fans consider hid going a treachery to his hometown. James finishes 2nd in the conference during his first season with the heat. The 2011-2012 seasons besides saw major success for James and the Miami heat. Wining his first NBA title get the better ofing the Oklahoma City boom. Throughout his NBA calling. LeBron James has been considered one of the best participant in the conference. and has been compared to basketball great Michael Jordan. How to cite Successful Athlete Essay, Essay examples

Ron Clark free essay sample

Ron Clark a young white, energetic, and idealistic teacher leaves his small North Carolina school to teach in a New York inner city elementary school, where he takes on the most unruly 6th grade class at Inner Harlem Elementary school. Mr. Clark believed he could turn the class around with innovative teaching techniques and a set of what he calls his essential rules. Clark quickly learns that he isnt going to be able to Just walk into the classroom, command attention with his smile and a set of rules; the first rule being We are family when none of the students in his class look ike him, or talk like him. In order to know how to reach them Mr. Clark must first understand his students individually and collectively. According to Covey (2003) before people feel that you understand them, they will not be open to your influence; we must walk a mile in the other persons shoes which is exactly what Ron Clark does. The character traits exemplified by Ron Clark in The Ron Clark Story (Haines 2006) are determination, integrity, optimism, courage, trustworthiness, humility, and a sense of humor. It was with a courageous heart and undying determination that Ron Clark was able to really understand how his students lived and felt every day. His lessons did not stop after the bell rang, in fact that was when many of the most valuable lessons began. Clark offered to make dinner for three siblings of one of his students just so that she could do her homework while her mom held down two Jobs. He ventured into dangerous neighborhoods to help another student choose to take the right path in life. In order to communicate at their level and to make learning fun Clark created and performed a presidential rap song to help the students memorize every president in order, and their historical contribution. Clark eventually gains the respect of his students and when they know how much he cares, they accept and live within the essential rules, and accept the consequences when a rule is broken. Covey states consistent rules, expectations and consequences should be understood and enforced, and indicates we act unkindly when we shield people from consequences of their own behavior (2003). One day Clark passes out in the classroom suffering rom pneumonia and when the doctor prescribes bed rest he continues teaching by sending videotaped lessons for the principal to play. By doing this Clark not only kept his promise to teach them, he also taught his students to be creative and to think outside of the box, along with reinforcing his devotion to their learning. There were several issues or dilemmas Mr. Clark had to deal with, but the one I chose to present is the day Mr. Clark lost control and gave up. Shameika Wallace the ringleader and the smartest girl in the class, made it her mission to get rid of Mr. Clark like several other teachers before him. One day Mr. Clark seriously lost his patience with Shameika, and expressed his anger, by violently shaking Shameikas desk, then he grabbed his backpack, said you win and he left the school without notifying anyone. At that moment Clark not only lost his patience, he also lost control, and gave up. All of the students were stunned, they had never seen or heard Mr. s The way Clark dealt witn the situation is what Covey calls tight or flight. Covey states there are many forms of flight, such as escaping involvement and esponsibility like many of the students in the class did, or like Shameikas sulking. Later that day a friend helped Clark to see that the helplessness he experienced at that moment with Shameika was what his students experience every day. This was an aha moment and Clark utilized this new found empathy as a teaching moment. With the fires refueled and his own code of ethics back in check, he was back in the classroom the following Monday with a fun grammar exercise. Students had to find the verb in the sentence Mr. Clark is a boomerang while every 15 seconds an ssigned student clanged the candy Jar for Mr. Clark to chug down a h pint of chocolate milk. One of the students asked another what a boomerang was. He made the lesson fun, and interactive. The lesson was relevant, students were engaged, they were motivated, and inspired but most of all they were glad he was back, which was the moment of full acceptance and commitment to rule number 1 we are family. Like the 6 or 7 teachers before him Mr. Clark experienced a sense of futility and had a lapse of Judgment when he threw his hands up and walked out on the kids, but his wn values of integrity, maturity and abundance mentality ultimately guided his decision to go back into the classroom. Had I experienced the same thing, I probably would have sent Shameika to the principals office and tried to gain control of the class. As teachers and leaders we have a moral responsibility to the students, and when they are unruly it is better for them if we let natural consequences teach responsible behavior. (Covey P. 128). Covey states that people may not like the consequences but we should care enough or them to suffer their displeasure. (P. 128). If however, I lost control and acted out in aggression the way Clark did, I would not have left the class without at least letting the principal know. Even if I felt that the only course of action left was to walk away from the situation, I still have an obligation and moral responsibility not to leave the minor children in my charge alone without telling another adult at the school, especially after an emotionally charged event. Covey states emotional maturity is the balance between courage and consideration. It is a delicate balance to maintain, and when he got his mojo back Ron Clark led his 6th graders to champion their test scores.

Imported Tea free essay sample

This paper looks at the demand for imported teas in the United States. The paper looks at the factors which influence the demand for imported consumer goods. It goes on to build appropriate import demand models for analyzing the pattern of imports of tea for consumption in the United States. As far as tea is concerned, as is generally believed, it sets its own prices, using prices of its close substitute i.e. coffee, real income, population, price elasticity, income elasticity, cross elasticity, change in the consumers preferences or habits do more determine the level of demand for its imports in any country. Based on the above proposition, the study will build appropriate import demand models for analyzing the pattern of imports of tea for consumption in the United States. Since tea imports constitute an insignificant share in the total imports of the United States, the variable the availability of Foreign exchange has been deliberately excluded from the model. We will write a custom essay sample on Imported Tea or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I would surmise that the Import Expenditures would rise as GDP rose and prices fell. An important reason for the fluctuations in exports is reflected by changes in the value of the dollar relative to foreign currencies. The dollar lost value against foreign currencies in the1970s, making U.S. agricultural products less expensive in the importing countries and, predictably, sales increased. In the early 1980s the dollar gained strength, making U.S. exports more expensive to foreign buyers, and exports declined. The dollar then weakened again and exports recovered somewhat. These trends had the inverse effect on imports (US Census Bureau, 2002).

Complicated Women (2003) in the Movie Culture essayEssay Writing Service

Complicated Women (2003) in the Movie Culture essayEssay Writing Service Complicated Women (2003) in the Movie Culture essay Complicated Women (2003) in the Movie Culture essayThe 2003 documentary Complicated Women is an art piece discovering the provocative character of female roles in pre-code Hollywood. Narrated by Jane Fonda, it covers the period between 1929-1934 to research on films that were breaking all stereotypes by portraying free, bold, strong and emancipated women, who seduced with their body, had lovers, and held serious jobs just like men did. However, under the cover of seeming gender equality following the adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution in 1920, they were also taking active part in the sexual liberation of morals, downgrading a woman to an object of man’s desires, an erotic symbol serving to please the male gaze.Indeed, as LaSalle (2001) states in his book, late 1920’s are often referred to as â€Å"the decade of pleasure,† a time of freedom and self-indulgence. People talked increasingly open about sex, and premarital sex became increasing ly common. Hugh Munro Neely’s (2003) documentary (based on LaSalle’s 2001 work) emphasizes that on the TV screens, directors insisted that sexuality is inherent to any person: both women and men tend to experience sexual desire and satisfy their intimate needs. For instance, The Divorcee (1930) was one of the first films to revolutionize the image of the devoted wife: When the husband Norma Shearer’s character has an affair, the wife gets into an affair of her own. With the arrival of big cinema in the 1930’s and a change of priorities in life associated with the Great Depression, American moviemakers introduced the Hays Code, the code of filmmaking ethics the obliged Hollywood cinematographers to stop displaying nudity, provocative dance, â€Å"scenes of passion†, extra-marital affairs as well as other relations undermining the moral foundations of spectators. Despite the fact that the Code was adopted in 1930, until 1934 there was almost nobody w ho obeyed it. Therefore, the mainstream cinema (not to mention pornography) of early thirties often showed intimate relationships, homosexuality, miscegenation, half-naked women, and much more, like Tarzan and His Mate (1934), which featured total female nudity.Through the clips the Complicated Women (2003) relies on we may see how the films of that period exposed the modes of recreating female physicality, sexuality, and explicitness of sexually scenes. Thus, there was a strong emphasis on womanhood in female clothes: breasts, waist, and hips. Neckline was back in fashion, but while it was quite restrained in the front, the back was almost completely bare. The waistline rose from the hips to its natural place. Woman shapes were highlighted by silk fabrics smoothly flowing downwards. An ideal woman’s hips were narrow, and the breast was no longer hidden but rather stressed deliberately. In general, as LaSalle (2001) noted, designers purposely developed the style of clothes th at would allow emphasizing every curve of a sexy female body in the most spectacular way.It is obvious that the key to the successful performance was seen in its tempting, seductive nature. A female actress not only promises the obtainment of pleasure, but also creates the desire itself (Gill, 2007). Even though it is not viable to say that women are more charming or more desirable than men, in most cases, as Weeks (2007) study shows, women are more open to being desirable. Despite the radical changes in social life of the early 1930’s, women continued to look at themselves â€Å"through the eyes of a man,† introducing themselves as an object of his desires, above all (Greer, 1999; Gill, 2003). For instance, Jean Harlow would keep ice to chill her breasts before she was going into the scene. A sex symbol of her time, she desired to make sensibility and bright sex appeal the main features of her screen image. As a result, she became enormously popular due to her films T he Red-Headed Woman (1932) and The Red Dust (1932), in which Jean’s main advantage was her overtly sexual attractiveness.It should be noted here that the popularity estimated through the terms of sexual attractiveness was, in fact, gradually objectifying female actresses, making their sexuality a sort of a product willingly consumed by the public, and especially the male viewers. Later studies (Greer, 1999; Gill, 2003; Weeks, 2007) proved that an excessive number of images of young and sexually attractive women on screens have led to the fact that men are unable to perceive a half-naked women in media as a human being. Moreover, the results of brain scans show that men’s reaction to these photos is similar to the reaction to inanimate objects (Rosewarne, 2007). The conclusion to be made is clear: men perceive provocatively sexy women either as an object of desire, or as an attribute of success, which is vividly present in Female (1933), Ex-Lady (1933) and Baby Face (19 33).A woman-lover, woman-dancer, a woman-prostitute, or a woman-criminal was entirely in the spirit of 1930’s, where an image of female identity is used both as the tool and means to stimulate sex consumption. A common technique of this kind is the relevant placement of female figures in the space. In social life situations, beds and floors are the places where the lying persons will be lower than those who sit or stand, while the lying position is one of those in which physical self-defense is less convenient and, thus, a person in such position is rather dependent on the generosity of others (Gill, 2007). Analyzing film fragments presented in Complicated Woman (2003), we may observe that women are more often portrayed in the lying or sitting position on the sofa, armchair, bathtub, etc., which is a classic universal technique in mirroring the socially-accepted model of the â€Å"man-woman† relationship, i.e. the model of apparent superiority of one sex over the other . Furthermore, women are often portrayed with their legs bent at the knees, like in Safe in Hell (1931), Anna Christie (1930) or Ladies They Talk About (1933), which is a traditional manifestation of sexual availability, and yet again confirms the subordinate and dependent position of women.In this way, the films of 1930’s were the first to contribute into the creation of a completely false impression of the world overflowing with imposingly â€Å"perfect† girls – desirable for a man and desiring a man themselves. Incredibly beautiful and inimitable actresses soon became icons and set the tone for the cinematography of later decades. Always gorgeous and incredibly feminine, at the same time, their images were appealing to rather specific female qualities, such as the power of sexuality. Endlessly exploiting female body as an erotic symbol, the films of those times were mostly seeing and emphasizing only the properties of female nature that were attractive to men in the first place, thus objectifying women and turning them into a promotion tool serving to attract attention and please male ambitions.

Target Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Target Market - Research Paper Example Anheuser-Busch needs to identify target customers before communicating them about the product. Currently, people are quite conscious about the fact that obesity increases the risk of diseases such as diabetes and heart related issues. The statistics reveal that Obesity prevalence is 30 percent or more in 12 states in the US. Among these Mississippi had the highest obesity rate of 34.9 percent in 2011. Other states are Missouri, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Michigan, Kentucky, Indiana, Louisiana, West Virginia, Alabama and Arkansas. The statistics also reveal that non-Hispanic blacks have the highest rates of obesity at 49.5 percent compared to non-Hispanics whites at 34.3 percent. It has also been found that higher income class among non-Hispanic black suffers most from obesity (Overweight and Obesity, 2012). The survey done by Gallup further revealed that obesity has increased significantly in older people in their 40s, 70s and 80s (Heavey, 2012). From the above findings, it is clear that Anheuser-Busch, in its first phase, needs to target non-Hispanic blacks, especially above the age 40, focusing mainly in 12 states with highest obesity rates in the

Outsourcing American Jobs to Foreign Countries Case Study

Outsourcing American Jobs to Foreign Countries - Case Study Example Likewise, this same report indicates the unemployment rate has hit an all-time low at 5.6 percent. This information is supported by another report produced by the Labor Department (2006) indicating that American has only lost an average of 7.71 million jobs every quarter. Based on this information, Forrester Research has estimated that the worst case scenario would have America losing approximately 3.3 million service jobs in the period from 2000 to 2015. Calculating the math, these figures show an average of 55,000 jobs lost to outsourcing each quarter, which only comprises approximately 0.71 percent of all available jobs in America. Some people feel it is our own fault jobs are going overseas as consumers continue to demand lower costs even though many of them also complain about the results of this demand, such as having to deal with foreign call centers. Jill Insley of the Observer Cash Pages reports, â€Å"Insurers consistently argue they have to take advantage of the cheap but skilled workforces in countries such as India to produce the low premiums and competitive interest rates customers demand.† In addition, there has been some skepticism as to whether these cost-saving measures, such as foreign call centers, actually translate into true savings. Citing research conducted for Aviva, Insley indicated only 28 per cent of the respondents to a survey felt lower costs due to foreign call centers would lead to lower premiums for American consumers while a majority of respondents indicated that service provided was not up to the standards expected.

Nursing practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nursing practice - Essay Example He therefore has to be educated on how the process of chemotherapy takes place and the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene. Even though John follows all the advice from the doctors, he still developed ulcers in his mouth due to chemotherapy. In response to these side effects, the nurses intervene to prevent the worsening of the side effects. Side effects of fluorouracil Fluorouracil is, a drug used in the treatment of cancer. It performs by making an irremediable reserve of thymidylate synthase. It interrupts the action of enzyme blocks hence hinders synthesis of pyrimidine thymidine which is a nucleoside for DNA replication (Winawer et al, 2003). Chemotherapy is generally used to kill any rapidly growing cells in the body thus killing the cancerous cells (De vita, 2001). Such rapidly multiplying cells are found in the mouth linings hence they fall victims to this chemicals. The reaction between the healthy cells in the mouth linings and the fluorouracil leads to formation of sores and ulcers. Since the occurrences of sores are hard to prevent, the extent of damage caused by the sores can be limited. In order to counter the side effects of chemotherapy, the patients need to be fully educated on the importance of good oral hygiene. They should be encouraged to regularly brush their teeth in order to prevent accumulation of germs in the mouth. In addition, the nurses should intervene so that the patient is given good medical care. They should ensure that the patient gets full nutritional supplements and he/she is free from pain. Discussed below are importance of maintaining good oral hygiene and the nursing interventions of preventing the side effects:- Oral hygiene education as a method of preventing side effects of chemotherapy Oral hygiene entails keeping both mouth and teeth clean as a way of preventing bad breath and tooth decay. It not only involves brushing the teeth but also maintaining the whole mouth including the tongue, gum and the inner skin of the mouth. In the case study, John was constantly advised to have a good oral hygiene before going for the chemotherapy sessions. This is because; the cancer drugs contain some reactive chemicals, which are designed to kill any rapidly growing cells (Bradbury, 2007). In the process of eliminating the rapidly growing cells, these drugs encounter mouth cells that are also multiplying rapidly. The healthy cells in the mouth react with the chemical substances in the drugs hence resulting into a chemical reaction, which damages the skin of the mouth. This chemicals cause sores in the mouth and in the throat, a condition referred to as mucositis. The chemical substances in the drugs make the tissues dry, soft and easily irritable hence it may result to bleeding gums (Lewis, 2007). If oral hygiene were not maintained, the mouth germs would infect the sores. Such germs would lead to further complications for the patient because mouth infections would result to administering of other drug s, which may affect the functioning of the cancer drugs (Drasdo, 2001). In the case study, John is advised to brush his teeth regularly; due to the softness of his gums, he is told to be gentle while brushing and use a toothbrush with soft brittles. He is also advised to ensure the whole mouth including the tongue and the gums are properly cleaned. By ensuring good oral hygiene, there will be minimum damage on John’s mouth hence the worsening of the mouth sores would be curbed.

Forehead Lipoma Case Study

Forehead Lipoma Case Study ABSTRACT The lipoma is a relatively rare maxillofacial tumor, although it occurs with considerable frequency in other areas, particularly in the subcutaneous tissues of the neck. Lipomas are common benign soft tissue neoplasms of mature adipose tissue. They have been known to grow to large sizes causing masticatory and speech difficulties. The usual lesions consist of a well circumscribed, lobulated mass of mature fat cells. In other situations the covering mucosa becomes ulcerated and presents a diagnostic dilemma and seldom occurs in the younger age group. We present a case of forehead lipoma affecting 52 year old male patient. KEY WORDS – Lipoma , forehead , surgery INTRODUCTION Lipomas are benign tumors of mesenchymal origin consisting of mature fat cells which usually are involved by a thin fibrous capsule(1) . There are several forms and dimensions of this condition depending on location or evolution time which may cause orofacial deformity in some patients.( 2) Etiology of lipoma remains uncertain, even after pointing endocrine changes and heritance factors as possible causes. It is known that lipomas are mainly present in the fifth and sixth decade of life, being rarely found during childhood .(3,4) Lipoma’s are also seen in intra oral sites such as in lips, tongue, palate, buccal vestibule, floor of the mouth and parotid region(1,3) . Incisional or excisional biopsy can be done in these cases. Yellow coloration of lipoma should be observed as well as fluctuation of the lesion. This lesion will be on the liquid surface due to its lower density than a fixer solution(5,6-8). The treatment of lipomas is surgical removal. The recurrence is rare (1) a nd there is no reported malignant transformation (6) . Although, growth of lipoma is usually limited, it can grow to large proportions which can interfere in the speech, mastication, that reinforce the necessity to realize a surgical removal.(7,8) The present study aims to show a rare case of forehead lipoma in the maxillofacial region. CASE REPORT A 52 year old male reported to the Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery with the chief complaint of swelling in the forehead region which patient noticed 1 year back which had been gradually increasing initially but reported rapid growth since 1 month. On examination , a well defined 2 x 2 cm swelling was noticed in the forehead region on the right side just above the right eyebrow (Fig. 1). The skin over the swelling was stretched. No lymph nodes were palpable. On palpation, swelling was soft , fluctuant , non tender , mobile and the margins were slippery under the palpating finger. The swelling was non-pulsatile. The provisional diagnosis of lipoma was established. A differential diagnosis of dermoid cyst was excluded by negative aspiration . Routine blood investigations were carried out and were normal to plan an excisional biopsy under Local Anesthesia . Local anesthetic with adrenaline was infiltrated at the periphery of the lesion. Incision was then given along the crease in forehead to achieve better esthetic closure , crossing the swelling at its greatest bulge. Lesion was then slowly dissected out with the capsule in toto (Fig 2). Hemostasis achieved and subcuticular sutures were given (Fig. 3 4) so that scar is aesthetically acceptable . Histopathology report revealed a capsulated lesion with numerous adipocytes with peripherally placed nuclei. Admixed collagenic streaks were also seen. The entire lesion was excised and no recurrence has been observed for the past 6 months and the patient is under regular follow up. DISCUSSION Lipoma is a benign slow growing neoplasm composed of mature fat cells. Lipomas in the oral cavity are rare. The most common locations of lipoma in the oral cavity have been reported to be in the buccal mucosa, a region abundant in fatty tissue, followed by tongue. The hard palate has very little fatty tissue and the incidence of a lesion here is quite low. [9] Lipoma differs metabolically from the normal fat cells even though they are histologically similar. It has been shown that the fat of lipoma is not used for energy production during starvation period, as it happens with normal adipose tissue, their lipid is not available for metabolism. Adipose tissue is present in two basic forms white fat and brown fat. The clinical features of lipoma vary according to their rate of growth, size, and location. The usual complaint is of a painless palpable esthetically unpleasant mass, and there is seldom dysfunction of an involved muscle. A characteristic feature is a change in consistency and form of many of these lesions during contraction of involved muscle. The tumor is soft and flat when the muscle is relaxed and becomes firm and more spherical when muscle contracts. The etiology varies from the differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal cells in fat tissue, cartilage, and bone to metaplasia of a preexisting lipoma. Mesenchymal cells are modified by systemic and local influences that range from local trauma to prolonged ischemia. [10] Occasionally, the lipoma may invade muscles or grow between them: the so-called infiltrating lipoma. Infiltrating lipoma is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm that characteristically infiltrates adjacent tissues and tends to recur after excision. This type of lipoma is extremely rare in the head and neck region , and its congenital type is rare. [11] Lipoma consist of mature fat cells arranged into lobules that are separated by septa of fibrous connective tissue (12). Liposarcoma is important in the differential diagnosis, because well differentiated liposarcoma often contains many areas of lipomatous tissue. Despite the close histological similarity to normal adipose tissue, lipomas, usually have chromosomal aberrations such as translocations involving 12q13-15, locus interstitial deletions of 13q, and rearrangements involving 8q11-13 locus. [13] The clinical differential diagnosis includes ranula, dermoid cyst, thyroglossal duct cyst, ectopic thyroid tissue, pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, angiolipoma, fibrolipoma and malignant lymphoma. The definitive diagnosis is made by means of microscopic examination which shows adult fat tissue cells embedded in a stroma of connective tissue and surrounded by a fibrous capsule. On some occasions lipoma of the buccal mucosa cannot be distinguished from a herniated buccal fat pad, except by the lack of a history of sudden onset after trauma. Lesions outside the oral cavity could show greater recurrence rates after surgical excision. CONCLUSION Lipomas found in the oral and maxillofacial region are rare and usually slow growing lesions. The clinical course is usually asymptomatic until they get larger in size. Most lipomas develop in the subcutaneous tissues but deeper tissues may be involved as well. Surgical excision is the main treatment for lipoma. The complete excision along with precautions to prevent damage to adjacent structures should be emphasized during the operation, which is the key factor in order to avoid recurrence with least morbidity.

The Virtuous Pamela of Virtue Rewarded Essay -- Virtue Rewarded Essays

The Virtuous Pamela of Virtue Rewarded      Ã‚  Ã‚   Samuel Richardson began his literary career when two booksellers offered him the opportunity to amass a publication for unskilled letter writers. While preparing this volume, a small sequence of letters from a young lady asking her father's counsel when endangered by her master's advances, entranced him. His enthrallment resulted in a shift in his work. The result was the tome Pamela; Or, Virtue Rewarded. The book has been subject to much inquiry. One such question critics ask is if the main character, Pamela Andrews, is truly virtuous or a convincing hypocrite. By understanding the character of Pamela, one must conclude Pamela is a truly virtuous young lady.    First, Pamela regards her virtue very highly. In the first letter from her parents, they write, "...the loss of our dear child's virtue would be a grief that we could not bear (46)." Throughout many of their following letters, her parents continue to warn her to be on guard of her virtue. Furthermore, as a poor girl, Pamela's virtue was all she had to offer a future spouse. In one letter, she tells of an account with Mr. B. In this account she says, "For heaven's sake, your honour, pity a poor creature, that knows nothing, but how to cherish her virtue and good name: I have nothing else to trust to (62)." After escaping captivity, she contemplates taking her life before renouncing her virtue.    Moreover, Pamela's virtue stems from her being a devout Protestant Christian. Throughout her letters, Pamela refers to Scripture over thirty times. Furthermore, she calls upon God numerous times in prayer. Moreover, after kidnapping Pamela, Mr. B. detains her for six weeks. Throughout her captivity, Pamela laments n... ...arriage bed is a gift of God. She looks on the prospect of such an established man with joy and happiness.    In conclusion, Pamela's virtue is a virtue of the very highest. She regards it very highly. Second, her virtue takes root in her Protestant Christian heritage. Thus, the Bible would guide her ethics. This high ethical standard manifests itself throughout the attacks of Mr. B. His attacks upset Pamela to a high degree. Outside of marriage, Pamela can never yield her innocence. Moreover, marriage seems impossible. Yet when Mr. B. humbles himself by giving his troth, Pamela becomes excited at the prospect of marriage. When married, she will no longer have any virtue to protect. She will marry as an unsullied bride.    Work Cited: Richardson, Samuel. Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded. 1740. Ed. T.C. Duncan Eaves and Ben Kimpel. Boston: Houghton, 1971.